The left upper lobe bronchus arises from the anterosuperior of the main bronchus and divides into two, forming the upper and lower bronchial divisions.

The left main bronchus is longer than the right main bronchus.

The right and left bronchial systems contain some differences. The tracheobronchial tree transmits air from the upper respiratory tract to the lung parenchyma. This chapter will discuss the lobar distribution of the lung, tracheobronchial airway, vascular structures, and their variations. These developments in video-assisted surgery, which is an excellent advantage for patient comfort and education, have made the digital exploration of the surgeon impossible and increased the importance of theoretical anatomy knowledge even more. Technological developments and the spread of minimally invasive surgery paved the way for the recording of procedures and their use for educational purposes and that ushered in a new era in surgical education. In-depth knowledge of anatomy, including variations, is required to perform this surgical procedure safely and successfully, which has a relatively high risk of intraoperative complications. Today, lobectomy is still the gold standard treatment method in many lung pathologies, especially in early-stage lung cancer.

Individual isolation and dissection of hilar structures, including pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and bronchus, are the basic steps of anatomic lung resection. Anatomical lung resections are specialized procedures that require a good knowledge of anatomy and high surgical experience.

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